Antibody cocktail cures monkeys of Ebola

鸡尾酒抗体疗法治愈了感染埃博拉的猴子

Monkeys infected with Ebola have been cured by a cocktail of three antibodies first administered 24 hours or more after exposure. The result raises hopes that a future treatment could improve the chances of humans surviving the disease caused by the deadly virus, which kills up to 90% of infected people and could potentially be used as a biological weapon. Most treatment regimes tested to date only improve chances of survival if administered within one hour of infection.

埃博拉病毒感染的猴子通过首次在暴露后24小时或更长时间施用的三种抗体组合疗法得到治愈。这一结果让人们对未来的治疗方法有了希望，可能会提高人类在这种致命病毒引起的疾病中存活的机会。该病毒导致感染者高达90%的死亡率，并有可能被用作生物武器。然而，到目前为止，大多数治疗方案只有在感染后的一个小时内施用才能提高存活的机会。

cocktail of three antibodies：由三种抗体组成的鸡尾酒(指的是治疗中常用的鸡尾酒疗法)

administered：实施、管理

这里重点讲一下administer这个单词的含义，这个词我们很容易联想到电脑的administrator(windows系统的电脑管理员名称)，这层印象容易让我们与句中别的用法的administer产生混淆，我用列举两个例句来帮大家记住admin有关实施、执行的特殊含义：

1. 医生决定要通过静脉注射的方式来给予抗生素，以治疗患者的感染。 The doctor decided to administer antibiotics through intravenous injection to treat the patient's infection.
2. 医生决定要通过静脉注射的方式来给予抗生素，以治疗患者的感染。 The doctor decided to administer antibiotics through intravenous injection to treat the patient's infection.

after exposure：在疾病领域代表感染的意思，即字面意思在病毒前暴露之后，常指的是无防护状况下直接暴露在病毒前，基本代表必定感染，必定阳性。

treatment regimes：regime的含义主要是制度、方式、方法、体系、体制等，搭配treatment构成治疗方法、治疗方案的意思。

within one hour：within这个介词可以表达在一个时间周期以内，即在一个小时内。

长难句解析：

The result raises hopes that a future treatment could improve the chances of humans surviving the disease caused by the deadly virus, which kills up to 90% of infected people and could potentially be used as a biological weapon.

主语：The result (结果)

谓语：raises (raise的第三人称单数形式)

宾语：hopes (希望)

宾语从句：that a future treatment could improve the chances of humans surviving the disease caused by the deadly virus, which kills up to 90% of infected people and could potentially be used as a biological weapon. (一个包含多个分句的复杂从句)

在宾语从句中，可以进一步分析其结构：

主语：a future treatment (一个未来的治疗方法)

谓语：could improve (could和improve构成情态动词+动词的结构，表示"可能会提高")

宾语：the chances of humans surviving the disease caused by the deadly virus (人类在这种致命病毒引起的疾病中存活的机会)

定语从句：which kills up to 90% of infected people and could potentially be used as a biological weapon (该病毒导致感染者高达90%的死亡率，并有可能被用作生物武器)

Researchers based at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Canada, administered an antibody cocktail named ZMAb to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) infected with the Zaire virus - the deadliest strain of Ebola, prevalent in African countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon. All four of the monkeys that began the three-dose treatment regime within 24 hours of being infected survived. Two of four monkeys given the cocktail from 48 hours of infection also lived.A monkey that was not treated died within five days of infection.

加拿大温尼伯的国家微生物实验室的研究人员给感染了埃博拉病毒最致命毒株——扎伊尔病毒（Zaire virus）的恒河猴（Macaca fascicularis）施用了一种名为 ZMAb 的抗体药物组合。扎伊尔病毒在非洲国家包括刚果民主共和国和加蓬等地广泛流行。在所有开始感染后24小时内接受三剂疗程的四只猴子全部存活。其中四只猴子中的两只在感染后48小时内接受这种药物组合的治疗，也存活下来。而一只未接受治疗的猴子在感染后五天内死亡。

administered an antibody cocktail named ZMAb to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (that) infected with the Zaire virus：这句话在括号处省略了一个宾语从句中常用的that，表示该猴子是感染了Zaire病毒的(埃博拉病毒株中最致命的一种)。

deadliest strain of Ebola：埃博拉中最致命的一种毒株

prevalent in：普遍流行

All four of the monkeys that began the three-dose treatment regime within 24 hours of being infected survived.

在感染后的24小时内开始进行三剂疗程治疗的四只猴子全部存活。

within：介词，表示在某个时间段

“The antibodies slowed replication until the animals’ own immune systems kicked in and completely cleared the virus,” says Gary Kobinger, a medical microbiologist at the University of Manitoba who led the study.The results are published today in Science Translational Medicine.

The antibodies, isolated from mice vaccinated with fragments of the virus, target and neutralize a glycoprotein on the surface of the virus that allows it to enter and infect cells.Although the strategy of using antibodies is not new, Kobinger says that, unlike many previous treatments, his group's cocktail contains multiple antibodies that each target different locations of the glycoprotein, making it harder for the virus to resist attack.Many other regimes that have been tested in animals and discarded were pre-exposure vaccines that focus on preventing infection, rather than treatments that can be administered hours after the infection has taken hold.

Defyrus, a biotechnology firm based in Toronto, Canada, is developing the antibodies as part of an Ebola treatment called Defilovir, in which they work in tandem with DEF201, an antiviral gene therapy.The company is planning to test the safety of the regime in humans in a phase I clinical trial set to begin before the end of 2014, says Jeffrey Turner, the company's chief executive.

clinical trial：临床试验

“The therapy could be far more effective than others currently available,” says Thomas Bowden, a structural biologist at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics at the University of Oxford, UK.Although ZMAb targets only one strain of the Ebola virus, the approach might be broadened to produce similar cocktails that treat infection with related strains, he says.

“This is certainly a viable strategy and they have only a few steps before they can go through to humans,” says Bowden.

Dennis Burton, an immunologist at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, says that the results are “very encouraging” for cases where the antibodies can be given within one day or so of exposure to Ebola. But the work is unlikely to help in cases where the infection is established and symptoms have appeared.“I would remain rather pessimistic given the explosive course of Ebola virus disease,” he says.

rather pessimistic：rather表相当、一定程度，与pessimistic组合表 相当悲观。

given the explosive course of Ebola virus disease：given为介词表引导原因，explosive course of Ebola形容埃博拉病毒爆发的发展过程，是迅猛而剧烈的。